![]() ![]() In addition to Goffman, this concept has been used by Jürgen Habermas and Harold Garfinkel, among others. Ī dramaturgical action is a social action that is designed to be seen by others and to improve one's public self-image. If the actor succeeds, the audience will view the actor as he or she wants to be viewed. The goal of this presentation of self is acceptance from the audience through carefully conducted performance. Performances can have disruptions (actors are aware of such), but most are successful. Goffman forms a theatrical metaphor in defining the method in which one human being presents itself to another based on cultural values, norms, and beliefs. In other words, to Goffman, the self is a sense of who one is, a dramatic effect emerging from the immediate scene being presented. In dramaturgical sociology, it is argued that the elements of human interactions are dependent upon time, place, and audience. If we imagine ourselves as directors observing what goes on in the theatre of everyday life, we are doing what Goffman called dramaturgical analysis, the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance. ![]() The fundamental difference between Burke's and Goffman's view, however, is that Burke believed that life was in fact theatre, whereas Goffman viewed theatre as a metaphor. Kenneth Burke, whom Goffman would later acknowledge as an influence, had earlier presented his notions of dramatism in 1945, which in turn derives from Shakespeare. The term was first adapted into sociology from the theatre by Erving Goffman, who developed most of the related terminology and ideas in his 1956 book, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. The stage thus becomes a metaphor where we act in ways that fulfill our need to be accepted in society.Dramaturgy is a sociological perspective commonly used in micro-sociological accounts of social interaction in everyday life. We are off stage, unobserved and thus more relaxed. when we are with our friends we behave in a more relaxed manner, we may be comfortable using language that may otherwise be considered abusive. Here we are accepted, people know us for who we are and there is no need for any kind of impression building. On the other hand, the backstage self refers to that aspect of self which we really are, this the self we are in the environment in which we are comfortable. Similarly, when we start working we may want to create a good first impression among our colleagues and our superiors, thus we may act accordingly, by eagerly doing any work that may be given to us and not procrastinate. when we may meet our friend’s parents for the first time, it is likely that we would wish for them to think of us as ‘good company’ for their children, so we may not abuse or talk in the same tone that we talk to our friends in, we may not drink or smoke. This is where our impression management comes into play, we usually tend to put out behaviors that will be easily accepted by the people of the society, e.g. This is the self that we present when we go out of our familiar setting, when we interact with people we are not yet comfortable with, these are people we do not know. The front stage self is the self that we are likely to show to the world. These are the two ways in which we present ourselves in society. This brings us to the concept of a front stage self and a backstage self. when we go for an interview, we will put on formal clothes and we are likely to be at our best behavior. The behavior presented in such a case is the one that will be acceptable by the one to whom we want to give an impression. They have certain goals in mind according to which they will behave. He uses the metaphor, in this metaphor the people are the actors and the society is a stage, the individuals interact with one another, as the actor’s exchange dialogue, they are being directed by the norms and values that the follow as the members of society.Īs they have to stick to the direction, the actors constantly engage in what is called ‘Impression Management’, this is when people try to control the impression that others have of them. He took this perspective from theatre, he uses theatre as a metaphor to represent how people behave in society and represent themselves. Erving Goffman studied the interactions that take place in society at the micro-level. Dramaturgical perspective was introduced in sociology in 1959 by Erving Goffman in his book ‘The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life’.
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